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Chen, H., Cowan, M

However, in the 1930s, there was no definitive evidence that smoking was bad for you and was a common indulgence of many

This layered structure of tobacco duties is designed to maximise both revenue and public health impact: Specific duty: 6.33 per pack of 20 cigarettes Ad valorem duty: 16.5% of the retail price (in addition to the specific duty and VAT) VAT: 20% on the final retail price This complex taxation system ensures that even if tobacco companies reduce their wholesale prices, consumers see minimal benefit due to the fixed duty components

is founded and generates $1.3 million in net income