The problem in trying to compute a risk continuum, and then communicating this, is that there are hundreds of different measures that could be considered, derived from laboratory studies, clinical studies of short-term health impacts, through to long-term epidemiological studies
The early work on the ignition of wildland fuels by cigarettes is reviewed in [20] and [21]
14 Clove cigarettes (called kreteks) from Indonesia and bidis from India might be perceived as herbal, natural, and safe by young people, but they contain tobacco and deliver more nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide than regular cigarettes
3 While some research has focused on adverse health outcomes of long-term cannabis use and how co-use with tobacco may affect cannabis outcomes, there is no data on the impact of cannabis use on tobacco use behaviors