De Paola, M., Diana, V., Bigini, P
The first mechanism pertains to the formation of immune complex and Fc-receptor-mediated osteoclast differentiation
Modifying the carrier surface with targeting molecules such as aptamers or functional peptides can improve local drug retention and specificity in diseased cartilage or pathological synovial cells, while reducing potential adverse effects from systemic exposure
Careful control of these parameters can modulate the interactions between nanomaterials and biological tissues, including their penetration, diffusion, absorption, distribution, immune recognition, retention time in organs, and systemic clearance, thereby minimizing unintended toxic effects (176)