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Anti-Aging and Skin Health : The GHK-Cu component is a focus in anti-aging research , particularly for its ability to enhance skin regeneration , reduce wrinkles , and improve skin elasticity
The activation of ULK1 kinase complexes, which facilitates the binding of the autophagy-associated protein 8 ATG8 protein family (also known as LC3s and GABARAPs) to phosphatidylethanolamines or phosphatidylserines and anchors them to autophagic membranes, is what initiates autophagy[109]
Covalent functionalisation forms stable bonds via amidation, esterification, or silylation, ensuring durable conjugation for drugs, proteins, or imaging agents, whereas non-covalent approaches rely on stacking, electrostatic interactions, adsorption, or chelation, ensuring reversible binding, well-suited for stimuli-responsive delivery [33]