Prior to initiating long-term, high-dose supplementation, it is advisable to assess serum vitamin B12 levels to confirm deficiency and guide personalized dosing
For the male partner, this would include 1,2 : Previous fertility and other reproductive issues Sexual activity, libido, and function Past and present medical conditions and medication usage Childhood conditions affecting the reproductive system, such as undescended testicle(s), mumps orchitis, and early puberty Physical or surgical trauma affecting the reproductive tract Alcohol, cigarette, and recreational drug use Occupation and other potential sources of environmental toxin exposure Family history of infertility or other medical conditions Physical examination A screening physical exam can be helpful in identifying lesions, cysts, tumors, varicoceles, and structural abnormalities related to the penis, vas deferens, epididymis, and testicles that may require further assessment
Injections can seem less convenient than oral supplements, but theyre particularly beneficial for people with severe deficiencies or malabsorption issues
There are essentially 5 stages of sleep, these can be broken down into 2 categories: REM and NREM sleep
