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Sethi S, Debiec H, Madden B et al

While immortalized cell lines like Caco-2 and T84 cells have limitations in representing individual-specific responses and complex behaviors due to their transformed nature, primary intestinal cells derived directly from human donors or patients offer several advantages, as previously mentioned

The fundamental mechanism is the activation of phase II detoxification enzymes or antioxidase controlled by Nrf2/ARE, including the expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), GPX, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Truong et al., 2014)

Newberry EP, Xie Y, Kennedy S, Han X, Buhman KK, Luo J, Gross RW, Davidson NO (2003) Decreased hepatic triglyceride accumulation and altered fatty acid uptake in mice with deletion of the liver fatty acid-binding protein gene