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Under the four BDs, the reducing sugar contents in lower leaves of the K326 and Hongda cultivars are relatively high, while a high reducing sugar content is found in middle and upper leaves of the Yunyan87 cultivar

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014

These findings suggest that although nicotine is a causative factor in poor pregnancy outcomes, it is unlikely that these toxic agents in cigarettes have a contribution of such magnitude to such an effect on fetal growth