Increased expression of the transcription factor krppel-like transcription factor4 (KLF4) promotes the expression of the E3 enzyme itchy E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (ITCH).ITCH activates YAP by promoting the ubiquitination of the phosphatase large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1).YAP can promote renal fibrosis after AKI by promoting the expression of transforming growth factor- (TGF-) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)[28]
The nurse practitioners we spoke with were very friendly and patient, answering all of our questions and letting us know how to connect with them later with any follow-up inquiries
In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic changes also play an important role in driving HNSCC oncogenesis
Endogenous antioxidants, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and exogenous antioxidants, including vitamins C, E, carotenoids, selenium, and zinc, help counteract oxidative stress and protect adrenals (Patani 2023)
